It is our hypothesis that PD-L1 expressed by tumor, clinically used to select anti-PD-1/PD-L1 PLB-responders and functionally regarded as a “stop sign” to inactivate T cells, may have a “find me” role for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 PLB-non-responders, for ultimate elimination by the host anti-tumor immunity. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.