Using atherosclerosis-prone LDL-receptor knockout mice, it was shown that compared with mice fed a diet rich in PUFAs, 16 wk of diets enriched with elaidic acid from partially hydrogenated soybean oil significantly increased the release of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 by ∼1.5-fold (48), as well as the expression of Ccl2, Tnfa, and Il-6 by ≥2-fold in abdominal aortas (49). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and atherosclerosis.