HDAC1 and chronic kidney disease: WB results confirmed that CKD induced an overexpression of HDAC1 (1.9 ± 0.3 fold vs Control, n = 4, P < .05) and HDAC2 (1.5 ± 0.1 fold vs Control, n = 4, P < .05) that was normalized in the presence of DF (1.1 ± 0.2 for HDAC1, and 0.9 ± 0.2 for HDAC2, n = 4 and P < .05 vs CKD for all experiments) (Panel A, Figure 1).