In ECs exposed to CKD sera, HDAC1 total expression increased to 4.7 ± 0.2% of labelled area/% nuclei area compared to control, and was dose‐dependently inhibited in the presence of 50 μg/mL (4.2 ± 0.3% of labelled area/% nuclei area, n = 6,) and 100 μg/mL (3.8 ± 0.1% of labelled area/% nuclei area, n = 6, P < .05 vs CKD) of DF (Figure 2). This evidence concerns the gene HDAC1 and chronic kidney disease.