HPGDS and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: HPGDS is expressed in various immune and inflammatory cells that participate in the repair of injured tissues (Thurairatnam, 2012), and the targeted inhibition of PGD2 production improves skeletal muscle repair after injury and also reduces the pathological muscle changes in the mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Mohri et al., 2009; Thurairatnam, 2012).