Indeed, a number of studies have shown that autoantigen-specific Treg cells are able to prevent the development of T1D as well as reverse the established diabetes in rodent models [13–16]: Insulin B chain 9–23 peptide is known to induce Treg cells [17] that produce TGF-beta [18, 19] in NOD mice to prevent T1D. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.