Since TGF-β/Smad signaling plays a critical role in renal fibrosis and TGF-β exerts its biological effects by activating Smad 2/3, we examined the protein levels of α-SMA, TGF-β, collagen IV, Smad 2/3, and pSmad 2/3. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and renal fibrosis.