They demonstrated that AML blasts, but not normal CD45+ CD33+ cells from healthy volunteers displayed exposed calreticulin, HSP70 and HSP90 independent of exposure to induction anthracycline-based chemotherapy suggesting a baseline level of ER-stress response in a subset of AML; in line with this, surface exposed calreticulin correlated with the expression of genes involved in ER stress response. This evidence concerns the gene CD33 and acute myeloid leukemia.