CD8A and neoplasm: In these patients, to confirm its biological rationale, the study was accompanied by ancillary immune monitoring, which recorded a progressive treatment-related increase in CTL precursors specific for tumor-associated antigens such as carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and thymidylate synthase (TS); an increase of central memory-cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8+CD45RA-CCR7+) (Tcm), activated CTLs (CD8+CD62L+), and highly cytotoxic NK (CD3-CD56+CD16+) cells; and a parallel decline in immunosuppressive regulatory T-cells (CD4+CD25hi+FoxP3+) (Tregs).