TP53 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Various genes are involved in HCC pathogenesis which can be divided into four main groups: genes regulating DNA damage response (p53), genes involved in cell cycle control (RB1, P16 INK4A, and Cyclin D), genes involved in growth inhibition and apoptosis (TGF-β, M6P/1GF2R, SMAD2, and SMAD4), and genes responsible for cell-cell interaction and signal transduction (APC/β-catenin pathway and E-cadherin) [5].