A redox control of ATG4 activity has also been reported in yeast [85], in A549 lung carcinoma cells after cadmium exposure [86] and in response to hypoxia and energy stress via the induction of a prooxidant complex composed by the DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4/REDD1) protein, an mTORC1 inhibitor, and the prooxidant thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) [87]. Here, TXNIP is linked to lung carcinoma.