PTGS2 and Mental deterioration: In addition, elevated levels of COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α were also detected in Aβ25-35-induced animals, implying that exogenous injection of Aβ25-35 stimulates microglia to M1 polarization which then secrete proinflammatory factors, forming chronic neuroinflammation conditions in the brain, eventually resulting in neuronal loss and associated cognitive decline.