CLDN1 and cancer: Specifically, claudin-1, zo-1, E-cadherin, and β-catenin associated with tight junction, E-cadherin and β-catenin associated with adherens junction, integrin β1 and MMP-9 associated with invasion, and E-cadherin, integrin β1, and MMP-9 associated with collective migration of cancer cells were all downregulated by OJEF [33–35].