SMAD4 and colorectal carcinoma: In a study of the mutation profiles of synchronous colon adenoma and CRC using whole exome sequencing (WES), Lee et al. [14] found nonsilent allelic variants in the cancer census genes, APC, KRAS, TP53, GNAS, NRAS, SMAD4, ARID2, and PIK3CA, in 12 HGD adenomas, which matched sequences in classical adenoma-carcinomas, and reported allelic variants in MTOR, ACVR1B, GNAQ, ATM, CNOT1, EP300, ARID2, RET, and MAP2K4 in colon adenomas for the first time [2, 10].