CXCL8 and systemic lupus erythematosus: In the present study we considered IL-4 and IL-10 as anti-inflammatory cytokines due to their specific actions on innate immune cells, and here we have shown that proinflammatory cytokines MCP-1, IL-8, IP-10, and IL-6 were significantly elevated in SLE-I and SLE-A patients in comparison to non-SLE subjects (Figure 1A).