DNAJC5 and malaria: For example, in this study the off-rate (kd) of purified polyclonal IgGs from vaccinated individuals was on the order of 1e−3 s−1, whereas malaria-naïve subjects receiving the malaria RTS,S vaccine develop antibodies to circumsporozoite protein (CSP) with off-rates on the order of 1e−4 s−1 or less, measured using the same BLI method (27).