With respect to diseases related to disorders of the immune system, such as infectious diseases, chronic inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer, these models have focused on three KP enzymes: IDO, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) (Tables 1–5). The gene discussed is TDO2; the disease is cancer.