Since CD4 T cells from cART-controlled, latent HIV infection are mostly uninfected and have an extremely low number of cells harboring provirus (only 1–2 cells have HIV-1 per million of CD4+ T cells) (55), the observed results suggest overall cellular senescence is more likely related to cell exhaustion associated with increased immune activation and over-proliferation driven by chronic inflammation during HIV latency. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and HIV infectious disease.