WNT5A and infection: With Wnt5a expression reported to be suppressed by S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa infection of macrophages (57), roles of other WNT ligands responsive to infection (e.g., Wnt4, Wnt5b, Wnt7a, Wnt7b) (51) and the net-outcome of WNT signaling in infected cells will need further exploration.