In contrast, SIRS induced a maintained inflammatory response in brain tissue with obvious priming effects: Whereas single LPS administration induced similar effects of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations under consideration in wild-type and both PI3Kγ mutant mice, wild-type mice exhibited a distinct elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 due to low-dose priming and increased IL-10 after high-dose priming, but these effects were missed in both PI3Kγ mutants (Table 1). Here, TNF is linked to systemic inflammatory response syndrome.