RFX1 and infection: Many fungal/oomycete EFC genes have been identified based on one or more of the following characteristics of the gene or gene product: (a) likely secretion based on the presence of a signal peptide but no transmembrane domain or GPI-anchor sites; (b) small size (usually fewer than 300 amino acids); (c) presence only in specific species or isolates; (d) increased expression during infection; (e) rich in cysteine residues; and (f) presence of a conserved motif, particularly for oomycete EFCs (Godfrey et al., 2010; Zuccaro et al., 2011; Cheng et al., 2014).