INSL3 and cryptorchidism: Interestingly, a large case-control study for amniotic fluid INSL3 during the critical time window in human gestation showed that cryptorchidism and hypospadias are significantly related to increase in amniotic INSL3 during gestational weeks 13–16 and irrespective of cryptorchidism or not INSL3 was indeed negatively correlated with phthalate loads (Anand-Ivell et al., 2018).