The numbers mentioned so far have been achieved thanks to the many studies that have described the involvement of the HO/BVR system in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular disorders, kidney diseases, diabetes, etc. The molecular mechanisms through which the HO-1/BVR system exerts neuroprotective effects mainly depends on the down-stream effectors CO and BR. The gene discussed is HMOX1; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.