Clonal A549 shELF3 cells did not express detectable levels of ELF3 at time of injection (Fig. 4i, Supplementary Fig. 8b). Control xenografts formed a large tumor mass over time, whereas shELF3 clones remarkably showed no evidence of growth over the course of the experiment (Fig. 4h–j). Here, ELF3 is linked to neoplasm.