During the intervention period with Khorasan wheat-based products, IBS patients showed a significant reduction in symptom severity associated with a decrease in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-17, interferon-γ, and MCP-1, cytokines and chemokines that in some studies were found to be higher in the IBS patient population than in healthy controls [83]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and irritable bowel syndrome.