APOC1 and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: It was shown that apoC1 bound the lipid A/KDO region of LPS—a component of Gram-negative bacteria—via the conserved motif KVKEKLK (amino acids 48–54), and, thus, it provided protection against Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia in a dose-dependent manner by increasing the early immune response and prevented lethality in mice [77].