It was reported that T45S exhibited a stronger preference towards VLDL than to HDL [57] and also in one study, based on 410 Canadian Oji-Cree individuals, where the frequency of the S45 allele was 8%, it was associated with reduced obesity and decreased plasma concentrations of leptin and apoC1 [58]. This evidence concerns the gene APOC1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.