In this functional scheme, the identification of a TGFB1 genomic signature in MS spinal cords makes sense since TGFB1 was demonstrated to dampen acute central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory lesions [12,13] to exert potent progliotic effects (notably via the astrocytic synthesis of extracellular matrix molecules) [14,15,16] and to both inhibit the terminal differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors and prevent microglia-mediated remyelination [17]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and myeloid sarcoma.