Atezolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that targets programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), while pembrolizumab and nivolumab target programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1).18 The immune response in the tumour microenvironment is now recognized as a significant factor that determines tumour aggressiveness and progression, as well as responsiveness to immune‐modulating agents. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.