PENK and urinary bladder cancer: A risk score formula was then created on the base of the combined methylation expression for bladder cancer prediction, as follows: risk score = (8.919*expression level of HOXA9) + (13.513*expression level of ONECUT2) + (13.119*expression level of PCDH17) + (2.534* expression level of PENK) + (1.151*expression level of TWIST1) + (0.405*expression level of VIM) + (0.306* expression level of ZNF154).