We therefore asked whether cNK cells played a role in host tolerance rather than host resistance.3 Intestinal bleeding is the most common co-morbidity associated with human helminth infection.1 As transcriptional profiling of purified intestinal NK cells showed an enrichment for genes that support vascular integrity and endothelial cell survival such as Ifng, Vegfa, Vegfc, and Tgfb3, we assessed whether these cells also contribute to vascular health during Hpb infection. Here, VEGFA is linked to helminthiasis.