Topology analysis identified IL-17 as strongly induced in the mouse bladder response to FliC, consistent with the elevated levels of IL-17 observed in the human cell coculture model of bladder; that IL-17 plays a role in innate defense to UPEC UTI in mice (80); and the findings of the current study implicate FliC in this response. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and bacterial urinary tract infection.