Finally, the microbiome profiles were correlated with patient characteristics (i.e., age, sex, medical treatment, smoking behavior, and disease severity), CRS phenotype features (i.e., nasal polyps, allergies, and asthma), and the concentrations of inflammatory markers (i.e., interleukin-5 [IL-5], IL-13, IL-4, and interferon gamma [IFN-γ]) measured in the serum of the CRS patients. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and allergic disease.