CASR and metabolic syndrome: Although atherogenic serum lipid profile is associated with atherosclerosis [36] and CAD [37], our previous retrospective observational study [7] and the 7-year prospective study [38] did not show an influence of CASR rs7652589 on all-cause, cardiac or cardiovascular mortality of HD patients, what could be expected for patients bearing the variant allele of rs7652589 that is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia.