ARHGEF10 and Vocal cord paralysis: The ARHGEF10 gene, involved in neuronal growth and axonal migration, is mutated in some Leonberger and Saint Bernard dogs with severe juvenile-onset polyneuropathy and laryngeal paralysis (Ekenstedt et al., 2014) whereas a variant of the GJA9 gene, which is part of the connexin gap junction family proteins, causes a late onset polyneuropathy with laryngeal paralysis in Leonberger dogs (Becker et al., 2017).