TNF and colorectal cancer: It has been well-acknowledged that long-standing proinflammatory cytokines comprising tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin- (IL-) 17, and NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 cascade in colon harbor a close relationship between UC and colon cancer and simultaneously behave as pivotal mediators in the onset and deterioration of UC and colorectal cancer [4–9].