LCN2 and breast carcinoma: Interfering with the iron availability reduced growth and progression in both human and mouse mammary carcinomas.38 Interestingly, repeated systemic iron administration enhanced deposition of iron in the kidney, which induced oxidative stress in renal tubular epithelial cells, in turn, fostering the development of RCC.39 Since iron availability is tightly interlinked with the physiology of the hypoxic response, it is crucial to control the expression of iron-regulated genes, one of which might be LCN-2.