Maternal intestinal NFκB activity was significantly higher with mDIO (pdiet = 0.0075, Fig. 4A, control n = 6, mDIO n = 7) and thus we investigated key factors known to orchestrate intestinal pro-inflammatory signaling cascades in response to altered intestinal bacterial profiles34,35 during obesity. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.