PCNA and cervical cancer: In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of proliferation-related gene PCNA, apoptosis-related genes (Caspase3 and Caspase9), invasion-related genes (MMP-9 and TIMP-1) and autophagy-related genes (Beclin1, P62, LC3-I and LC3-II) was further determined in cervical cancer cell lines (Hela and SiHa) by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively.