Among these secreted proteins, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a well-studied tumor cell-derived growth factor involved in the regulation of the antitumor immune response, impairing the cytotoxicity of effector T cells or NK cells and up-regulating the immune checkpoints of regulatory immune cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) [33, 34]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.