TGFB1 and neoplasm: The immune microenvironment in EC is characterized by a lack of cytokines and growth factors involved in tumor-killing immune responses, such as interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and granzyme B (GramB), and by high expression of those cytokines and growth factors involved in immune suppression, such as TGF-β, VEGF, IL-10, and IL-8 [35, 43].