There was also a significant improvement in the group receiving systemic CTLA-4 blockade with TLR9 intra-tumorally perhaps reflecting more efficient CD8 mobilization from the untreated tumor Across the analysis of these tumor infiltrating lymphocyte ratios, it was generally only the combinations of local TLR9 agonist and checkpoint blockade which showed significant benefit over untreated. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.