TNF and neoplasm: The immune response is induced by the ΔppGpp S. typhimurium strain by damaging the signals released from the cancer cells, and significantly increases inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-18 in tumors, which results in tumor growth suppression of the most important arms of the immune system against tumor tissue, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), which has the potential to destroy the vascular endothelial cells and forms a large hemorrhaging area within the tumor [37,38].