CTLA4 and neoplasm: However, this also provided an opportunity to use anti-PD-1 therapy to alleviate CD8+ T cell suppression and improve cytotoxic function and we demonstrated that the combination of MS–OVA (with OVA encapsulated) along with anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy could induce long-lasting protection from tumor growth [15].