It is well known that characteristic morphological changes and altered muscle behaviour in cervical muscles are specific features of WAD.[13–18] Ligaments reportedly account for only 25% of the cervical stability[19] and the deep muscles thus have an important task in maintaining the vertebrae within a neutral position where loading is optimally distributed over all supporting structures.[20] NSE may thus have an important positive impact on cervicogenic headache in WAD. This evidence concerns the gene ENO2 and acrofacial dysostosis, Weyers type.