HMGB1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: NF‐κB signalling activation, by promoting transcription of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of COPD.28, 29 Pattern‐recognition molecules promoted NF‐κB p65 translocation to participate in the regulation of macrophage function.30 Thus, we asked whether HMGB1 mediated NF‐κB signalling induced by CSE stimulation in lung macrophages.