HMGB1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Macrophages were increased in lung tissues and BALF of COPD patients, and CSE was able to trigger recruitment of macrophages.26, 27 As expected, here, we found that CSE induced migration of MH‐S cells, while blockade of HMGB1 by anti‐HMGB1 or Gly attenuated CSE‐induced cell migration (Figure 5E).