The genes transferred include genes encoding p53, TK of herpes simplex virus (HSV-tk), AFP (NCT00093548) [92], interferon-beta (NCT00066404) [165], interleukin-12, dominant negative form of cyclin G1, HER-2, GM-CSF (NCT01061840) [166,167], CEA, glypican 3-specific chimeric antigen (NCT03198546) [87], mRNA containing epitopes from immunogenic neoantigens, predicted neoantigens and mutations in tumor suppressor or driver genes [159,160,161], and autoimmunogenic cancer/testis antigen New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) [162,163,164]. Here, TKT is linked to neoplasm.