Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is one of the major tumor markers for HCC used in clinics [90] and are specific antigens presented on the cell surface [91]; thus, AFP is used for molecular targeting of CAR-T-cells for HCC (NCT03971747) in both ex vivo gene therapy and cancer vaccination (NCT00005629 and NCT03971747). The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.