ADCYAP1 and stroke disorder: Whether PACAP acts directly by reducing apoptotic neuronal death (Ohtaki, Nakamachi, Dohi, & Shioda, 2008) or indirectly via modulation of the inflammatory processes (Dejda et al., 2011; Ohtaki et al., 2006), PACAP can act as a potent regulator of the microglial response in vivo after stroke (Brifault et al., 2015) and TBI, by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB signaling in microglia and neurons, reducing neuronal death (Mao et al., 2012).