CD274 and neoplasm: Multiple factors are reported to affect ICI effectiveness, including: PD-L1 expression (Herbst et al., 2014; Shukuya and Carbone, 2016), TMB (Rizvi et al., 2015; Snyder et al., 2014), DNA mismatch repair deficiency (Le et al., 2015), the degree of cytotoxic T cell infiltration (Tang et al., 2016), mutational signature (Miao et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2018), antigen presentation defects (Chowell et al., 2018; Zaretsky et al., 2016), interferon signaling (Ayers et al., 2017), tumor aneuploidy (Davoli et al., 2017) and T-cell signatures (Jiang et al., 2018).