The corticosteroid-insensitivity particularly applies to IL-8 (CXCL8), which is a central chemokine in non-type 2 (neutrophilic) airway inflammation that is present and critical in most likely all COPD phenotypes and disease stages and a target for therapeutic strategies [7,8,9,10]. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.