ESR1 and cancer: According to the comprehensive gene expression profiling, breast cancer can be categorized into five major subtypes: Luminal A (estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) positive, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative), luminal B (ER and/or PR positive and HER2 positive), HER2 enriched (ER negative, PR negative, and HER2 positive), basal-like (ER negative, PR negative, HER2 negative, cytokeratin 5/6 positive, and/or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) positive), and normal breast-like cancers [1].