Here, we found meningitic Escherichia coli induction of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) contributes to BBB disruption via ARHGAP5/RhoA/MYL5 signaling cascade, by the demonstration that ANGPTL4 was significantly upregulated in meningitis E. coli infection of BMECs as well as mice, and treatment of the recombinant ANGPTL4 protein led to an increased permeability of the BBB in vitro and in vivo. The gene discussed is ARHGAP5; the disease is meningitis.