After stimulation with cytokines, microbial factors, fatty acids and other stimuli such as those in obesity, the IκB kinase (IKK) complex containing two catalytic subunits (IKKα and IKKβ) is activated, which triggers the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB, and promotes NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and the transcription of target genes. Here, NFKB1 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.